1. Deep within the Earth, intense heat melts rock, forming a thick, buoyant substance called magma .
2. Being lighter than surrounding solid rock, this magma rises and collects in underground pockets called magma chambers.
3. Magma contains dissolved gases, which expand as the magma moves closer to the surface and pressure decreases.
4. This expanding gas builds immense pressure within the magma chamber.
5. When the pressure becomes too great, the magma forces its way through cracks and fissures in the Earth's crust.
6. It travels up through a main conduit, or vent, towards the surface.
7. Upon reaching the surface, the molten rock is no longer called magma, but lava .
8. The release of pressure and gases results in an eruption, expelling lava, ash, and volcanic gases.
9. The style of eruption (effusive vs. explosive) depends on the magma's viscosity and gas content.
10. Repeated eruptions cause layers of lava and ash to accumulate, gradually building the conical shape of the volcano.
Credit to Open AI
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